Yogyakarta

Task : Yogyakarta

Subject : Communication Science

Lecture : Ms. Falina


Yogyakarta (which is often spelled and called in different ways such as Jogjakarta,

Yogya, or Jogja for short) is Indonesia in miniature. When visitors come to inhale

the air of Yogyakarta, they feel like they have lived. Yogyakarta has been best

described as a "Never Ending Asia", "Java's cultural heart", the "soul city of

Java", or "planted in the fertile heartland of Central Java, (it is) the cradle of

great Javanese empires... the capital of ancient kingdoms, medieval empires and

modern revolution and an engaging melange of style and moods."

Whatever Yogyakarta is, or aims to be, this fascinating city with its surrounding

jungles, rice fields and mountains lies in the heart of Indonesia's most important

ancient empires. In Yogyakarta itself you can visit the impressive Sultan's Palace

(the Kraton) under the watchful, but friendly eyes, of a hundred palace guards in

their traditional and distinctive uniforms .You can tour its bustling markets and

avenues and purchase arts and crafts created by Java's finest craftsmen and

painters. Once you've seen enough of modern Java, you can then head for the

countryside and marvel at some of ancient Asia's grandest wonder - the great 8th to

10th century Hindu and Buddhist temples of Prambanan, Borobudur and their subsidiary

candi (temple) and shrines that dot the Javanese countryside.

Yogyakarta is a place where nothing is learned until it is experienced.

Yogyakarta is located in south-central Java. It is surrounded by the province of

Central Java (Jawa Tengah) and the Indian Ocean in the south. The city is located at

7°47′S, 110°22′E.

The population of DIY in 2003 was approximately 3,000,000. The province of

Yogyakarta has a total area of 3,185.80 km². Yogyakarta has the second-smallest area

of the provinces in Indonesia, after the Jakarta Capital Region. However it has,

along with adjacent areas in Central Java, some of the highest population densities

of Java.

Yogyakarta Special Region is geographically located almost equidistant from

Indonesia's two most important international gateways, about 600 kms from Jakarta

and 1000 kms from Bali.


The History of Yogyakarta

Yogyakarta was founded in 1755 and was the capital of Mataram kingdom when the Dutch

came along. The Dutch granted the kings by title Sultan of Yogyakarta territory.

Yogyakarta was also the scene of Indonesia's most successful rebellions against the

Dutch - firstly with Prince Diponegoro who waged a holy war against colonial rule

from 1825 to 1830, and also serving as the capital of the newly independent republic

after World War II when the Dutch reoccupied Batavia (Jakarta).

People have lived in Central Java and Yogyakarta area since immemorial time as over

the centuries they have been attracted by the rich soil caused by the numerous

volcanic eruptions. The earliest recorded history dares from the 9th century and was

dominated by Hindu and Buddhist kingdoms that gave rise to the magnificent temples

such as Prambanan, Ratu Boko, Kalasan, Sambisari and Borobudur found in this area.

Yogyakarta itself dates back to the 18th century. In the early 18th century,

Pakubuwono II ruled the Muslim Mataram Kingdom of the time. After he passed away,

there was a conflict between his son and his brother, which was encouraged by the

Dutch who were trying to colonize the region on a 'divide and rule' basis.

The Kingdom was divided into two regions namely Surakarta Hadiningrat kingdom under

Sunan Pakubuwono III rule, and Nyayogyakarta Hadiningrat kingdom under Sultan

Hamengku Buwono I rule. He was the founder of the present line of Sultans who still

live in the Kraton and play important role in Javanese culture. The second kingdom

was later called Yogyakarta, now better known as Yogyakarta.

After the independence of the Republic of Indonesia was proclaimed, Sri Sultan

Hamengkubuwono IX and Sri Paku Alam VIII launched a statement that the Kasultanan

and Kadipaten (the two royal regions), belonged to Republic of Indonesia as a part

of the whole area of Indonesia Republic. Since then, it has been known as Yogyakarta

Special Region and was given a provincial status in 1950 in recognition of its

important role in it fighting for the independence. CULTURE IN JOGYA

As the former capital and the center of several kingdoms in the past, Yogyakarta and

its people are very rich in its cultural heritage. Civilization, art and culture had

developed respectively in the era of the ancient Mataram Kingdom (17th - 18th

century), and the Sultanate Ngayogyakarto from the mid of 18th century up to today.

It should be noted that cultural heritage from the past includes the magnificent

temples, the ruins of palaces and monasteries, various kind of traditions, cultural

events, traditional folk , performing arts, architecture and other traditional

activities.


It is important to note that this is all part of the living culture of Yogyakarta

and color of daily activities of live and behavior of the local inhabitants,

particularly the Javanese community with its traditional way of life and customs.

Therefore, because of its culture richness and heritage, Yogyakarta has long been

known as the cradle of Javanese culture.


While much of Indonesia has its eyes on the future, Yogyakarta is one place where

the past exists alongside the modern. Those seeking to visit exotic and soulful Java

will find what they have been dreaming about in Yogyakarta. While Indonesia’s

capital Jakarta has an Old District which lies in a state of disrepair, Yogyakarta

has many historical buildings and monuments that have maintained their former glory.


The city of Yogyakatra is not large, but it is bustling. It is easy to get around as

a tourist, although you will be hassled by rickshaw and moto drivers who are trying

to pick up a fare.

It is worth noting that Yogyakarta has special status as an autonomous region in

Indonesia. Shoppers are able to find all sorts of good, especially antiques and

handcrafts. Aside from well-made silver and leather products, Malioboro Mall, among

others, offers modern shopping comforts.

The area around the park eastward to the city quarters called "Kampung Segaran" was

once full of water. This place is now called Suryoputran.Segaran is a Javanese word

means a man-made ocean or an artificial sea. Every time the Sultan visited the park,

he went there by rowing a private canoe through the suspension bridge called "Kreteg

Gantung" which lay in front of the Palace gate, southward or northward of

Kemandungan. The remained building that was once connected by the suspension bridge

can still be seen nowadays. Besides water transportation, there was also an

underground passage or alley from the Sultan Palace leading to one of the park

buildings which called Pasarean Ledok Sari.

One part of the place was called Pulau Kenanga because in the front yard of the

building grown Kenanga trees (Canangium Odoratum). The flowers spread out the sweet

fragrance through all parts of the park. The lofty buildings such as the pond were

built especially for the Sultan and his family. Recent restoration has been done on

the underground passage leading to the west area, the bulwark that is encircled the

area of the Palace, and another path, which lead southward to a small village,

called Krapyak

Prambanan Temple built in the 10th century, this is the largest temple compound

dedicated to Shiva in Indonesia. Rising above the centre of the last of these

concentric squares are three temples decorated with reliefs illustrating the epic of

the Ramayana, dedicated to the three great Hindu divinities (Shiva, Vishnu and

Brahma) and three temples dedicated to the animals who serve them.


Prambanan temple is located some 17 km from Yogyakarta.located in country side

karang asem and sub-district bokoharjo, district of prambanan, kabupaten sleman.

Tourists can't miss the temple because it is only 100 meters off the main street.

Sanjaya Dynasty built this 47 meters high Hindu temple in the 10th century. It

consists of three courtyards. The main temple is located in the inner courtyard and

surrounded by several small temples called "Perwara". Local chieftains contributed

some of these as a tribute of their acceptance to the king.


Entering the main temple from the north, one will find a statue of a very beautiful

princess, Roro Jonggrang. According to the legend, Roro Jonggrang was the daughter

of King Boko, which was cursed into a statue. The legend also says that a young

powerful man named Bandung Bondowoso wanted to marry Roro Jonggrang. Since she

doesn't love him, Roro Jonggrang tried to avoid the marriage by asking Bandung

Bondowoso a present. She would only marry him if Bandung were really a powerful man.

To prove the power Bandung was asked to build a thousand temples in one night.

Having supernatural power, Bandung has almost successfully finished his task, but

Roro Jonggrang prevents this excellent achievement. Jonggrang asked the maidens of

the east village of the temples to burn the hay and pound the rice in order to cause

the situation like dawn time for sunrise.

Another rich Indonesian tradition on display in Yogyakarta is music. Gamalan is the

twangy Indonesian folk music. It accompanies performances like Wayang (shadow puppet

theater) or Ramayana Ballet. The puppet theater is shown in the Kraton on most days

and is very popular with children. The Ramayana Ballet is performed at Prambanan

part of the year.



Yogya Culinary

Gudeg (Gudheg in Javanese) is traditional food from Yogyakarta and central Java.

It’s ingredients consist of young jackfruit cooked with cocont milk, spiced with

kluwek. The brown colour came from jati leaf. Gudeg is eaten with rice and served

with thick coconut milk soup (areh), quarter chicken, egg, tofu and kreck, fried

chilli sauce.


Yogya Culinary : Not Only Gudeg !!

For you who love to eat, it doesn’t feel right if you haven’t try all of yogya

culinarys which are very both taste and price. Before you try, there’s nothing wrong

if you checked our reference first.

Ussualy, tourism had a rough time if they ate any food in Yogya because the overall

food taste in Yogya is sweet. There are many food in yogya that’s not sweet at all

or have only a little sweet flavor on it, the example is Brongkos Rice. Located in

Jl. Gading no. 2 there is foodseller named Brongkos that have exist since 70’s.

Brongkos consist of thollo nut (like greenpeal but red coloured), white tofum and

beef meat (totolan) cooked with various spice (one of them, is kluwek) until the

vegetable colour turned to dark black. It tasted deliciously oily and not sweet at

all. The addition is chicken/ beef bacem or chicken egg. One serving of brongkos

with tofu, egg and rice is about Rp. 3000,- . Very affordable for a legendary taste

in Yogya.


Lenthok Soup, is serving of chicken gravy soup garnished with cabbage and tomato

slice, bean sprout, green onion, etc. The special thing is, inside every soup is

added a slice of lenthok. The taste ? prove it yourself ! Fresh, delicious oily,

and no sweet taste at all.

Unique Satays, Have you ever taste beef satay Eaten with slice of lontong served

with green lombok vegetable? If not and you are curioys about the taste, try to go

to the alun-alun Kota Gede. They say that this satay originally sold by Mr. Karyo

Semito around 1948 by go around car one serving of satay is only about Rp.14.000,-.

Another unique satay from Yogya culinary is Jaran Satay and Tongseng Kopyok. Jaran

satay is another name from horse (meat) satay. While tongseng kopyok is a tongseng

that served with mixture of various spices and shaked egg. You can choose the meat

from chicken, beef, even rabbit. Or Klathak Satay, a huge size of goat satay, that

is cooked only with salt and burned.

Yogyakarta is where to go if you want to see Indonesia’s history up close and in

full color!